Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de idosos com uma ingestão adequada de água e seus fatores associados. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em 2014 com idosos (≥ 60 anos) participantes do estudo “COMO VAI?”. Investigou-se o número de copos de água ingeridos/dia pelos entrevistados, considerando-se adequada a ingestão de pelo menos oito copos/dia. As variáveis independentes foram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para a investigação das associações. Foram entrevistados 1.451 idosos, sendo observado que uma baixa percentagem, 12,6% (IC95% 10,8; 14,7) referiu consumo adequado de água. Maior percentagem de consumo adequado de água foi observada nos idosos mais jovens, com excesso de peso, que apresentaram cinco ou mais doenças e que eram mais dependentes quanto à capacidade funcional. A tendência decrescente de ingestão de água em relação à idade torna essencial o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para essa população de maior risco acerca da importância de uma ingestão hídrica adequada e das possíveis consequências do seu consumo inadequado.

Abstract The scope of this study was to determine the percentage of elderly individuals receiving an adequate water intake and associated factors among non-institutionalized elderly individuals in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. It involved a cross-sectional, population-based study carried out in 2014 with elderly participants (≥ 60 years) of the “COMO VAI?” survey. The amount of water ingested per day of the interviewees was investigated, considering the intake of at least eight glasses per day to be adequate. The independent variables were sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics, and Poisson Regression was used to investigate associations. A total of 1,451 elderly people were interviewed, with only 12.6% (95%CI 10.8; 14.7) drinking a sufficient amount. A higher percentage of the elderly with adequate water consumption was observed in younger elderly individuals, those overweight, those with five or more diseases, and those who were more impaired. A low percentage of the elderly with an adequate water intake was observed among the elderly adults in the study. The decreasing trend of water intake in relation to age highlights the importance of developing actions for the higher risk population to stress adequate water intake and the possible consequences of the lack of adequate consumption.

Abstract The scope of this study was to determine the percentage of elderly individuals receiving an adequate water intake and associated factors among non-institutionalized elderly individuals in the urban area of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. It involved a cross-sectional, population-based study carried out in 2014 with elderly participants (≥ 60 years) of the “COMO VAI?” survey. The amount of water ingested per day of the interviewees was investigated, considering the intake of at least eight glasses per day to be adequate. The independent variables were sociodemographic, behavioral, and health characteristics, and Poisson Regression was used to investigate associations. A total of 1,451 elderly people were interviewed, with only 12.6% (95%CI 10.8; 14.7) drinking a sufficient amount. A higher percentage of the elderly with adequate water consumption was observed in younger elderly individuals, those overweight, those with five or more diseases, and those who were more impaired. A low percentage of the elderly with an adequate water intake was observed among the elderly adults in the study. The decreasing trend of water intake in relation to age highlights the importance of developing actions for the higher risk population to stress adequate water intake and the possible consequences of the lack of adequate consumption.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a prevalência de idosos com uma ingestão adequada de água e seus fatores associados. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em 2014 com idosos (≥ 60 anos) participantes do estudo “COMO VAI?”. Investigou-se o número de copos de água ingeridos/dia pelos entrevistados, considerando-se adequada a ingestão de pelo menos oito copos/dia. As variáveis independentes foram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais e de saúde. A regressão de Poisson foi utilizada para a investigação das associações. Foram entrevistados 1.451 idosos, sendo observado que uma baixa percentagem, 12,6% (IC95% 10,8; 14,7) referiu consumo adequado de água. Maior percentagem de consumo adequado de água foi observada nos idosos mais jovens, com excesso de peso, que apresentaram cinco ou mais doenças e que eram mais dependentes quanto à capacidade funcional. A tendência decrescente de ingestão de água em relação à idade torna essencial o desenvolvimento de ações voltadas para essa população de maior risco acerca da importância de uma ingestão hídrica adequada e das possíveis consequências do seu consumo inadequado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os resultados iniciais da linha de base de um estudo de base populacional, bem como um protocolo para avaliar o desempenho de diferentes algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, com o objetivo de predizer a demanda de serviços de urgência e emergência em uma amostra representativa de adultos da zona urbana de Pelotas, no Sul do Brasil. Métodos: O estudo intitula-se “Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in PELOTAS (RS) (EAI PELOTAS)” (https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/eaipelotas/). Entre setembro e dezembro de 2021, foi realizada uma linha de base com os participantes. Está previsto um acompanhamento após 12 meses para avaliar a utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência no último ano. Em seguida, serão testados algoritmos de machine learning para predizer a utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência no período de um ano. Resultados: No total, 5.722 participantes responderam à pesquisa, a maioria do sexo feminino (66,8%), com idade média de 50,3 anos. O número médio de pessoas no domicílio foi de 2,6. A maioria da amostra tem cor da pele branca e ensino fundamental incompleto ou menos. Cerca de 30% da amostra estava com obesidade, 14% com diabetes e 39% eram hipertensos. Conclusão: O presente trabalho apresentou um protocolo descrevendo as etapas que foram e serão tomadas para a produção de um modelo capaz de prever a demanda por serviços de urgência e emergência em um ano entre moradores de Pelotas, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

RESUMO Objetivo: To describe the initial baseline results of a population-based study, as well as a protocol in order to evaluate the performance of different machine learning algorithms with the objective of predicting the demand for urgent and emergency services in a representative sample of adults from the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Methods: The study is entitled “Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in PELOTAS (RS) (EAI PELOTAS)” (https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/eaipelotas/). Between September and December 2021, a baseline was carried out with participants. A follow-up was planned to be conducted after 12 months in order to assess the use of urgent and emergency services in the last year. Afterwards, machine learning algorithms will be tested to predict the use of urgent and emergency services over one year. Results: In total, 5,722 participants answered the survey, mostly females (66.8%), with an average age of 50.3 years. The mean number of household people was 2.6. Most of the sample has white skin color and incomplete elementary school or less. Around 30% of the sample has obesity, 14% diabetes, and 39% hypertension. Conclusion: The present paper presented a protocol describing the steps that were and will be taken to produce a model capable of predicting the demand for urgent and emergency services in one year among residents of Pelotas, in Rio Grande do Sul state.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Mensurar a prevalência de uso de serviços odontológicos no último ano e os fatores associados em adultos de 31 anos pertencentes à coorte de nascimentos de 1982. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, aninhado na coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 1982. Em 1997, uma amostra sistemática de 27% dos setores censitários da cidade foi realizada e todos os domicílios desses setores foram visitados, onde 1.076 adolescentes de 15 anos foram entrevistados. Para os estudos de saúde bucal foram sorteados aleatoriamente 900 desses indivíduos, que foram acompanhados também aos 24 e 31 anos. O estudo utilizou dados coletados de 523 indivíduos em 2013 (aos 31 anos). O desfecho foi a ida ao dentista (uso do serviço) no último ano. Fatores demográficos, (sexo), socioeconômicos (renda, escolaridade) e de saúde bucal (motivo e tipo de serviço da consulta, autopercepção de saúde bucal, dor e experiência de cárie - CPOD) foram utilizados como variáveis independentes. As razões de prevalência foram estimadas usando a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS A prevalência de uso de serviços odontológicos no último ano foi de 55,3% (IC95%: 51,0 –59,5%). Na análise ajustada, o motivo e tipo de serviço da consulta, a autopercepção de saúde bucal e o CPOD foram associados ao desfecho. Foi encontrada maior associação com a utilização de serviços odontológicos em indivíduos que visitaram por prevenção e usaram o serviço privado, satisfeitos com a sua saúde bucal e que tinham maior experiência de cárie. CONCLUSÃO 55,3% da amostra da coorte utilizaram os seviços odontológicos no último ano. Os indivíduos que visitaram o dentista por motivo preventivo, em consulta privada, que estavam muito satisfeitos ou satisfeitos com sua saúde bucal utilizaram em maior proporção esses serviços. Além disso, o maior índice de CPOD também levou ao maior uso.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Measure the prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year and associated factors among 31-year-old adults from a birth cohort of 1982. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed a birth cohort of 1982 from the city of Pelotas. In 1997, a systematic sample of 27% of the city’s census sectors was defined and all households in these sectors were visited, where 1,076 15-year-old adolescents were interviewed. For the oral health studies, 900 of these individuals were randomly selected and followed up at 24 and 31 years of age. The study used data collected from 523 individuals in 2013 (at 31 years old). The outcome was visit to the dentist (use of dental services) in the previous year. Demographic factors (sex), socioeconomic factors (income, education), and oral health factors (reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, dental pain and caries experience - DMFT) were used as independent variables. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year was 55.3% (95%CI: 51.0–59.5%). In the adjusted analysis, the reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, and DMFT were associated with the outcome. A stronger association was found with use of dental services in individuals who visited for prevention and used the private service, who were satisfied with their oral health, and who had more caries experiences. CONCLUSION 55.3% of the cohort sample used dental services in the previous year. Individuals who visited the dentist of private service for preventive reasons, who were very satisfied with their oral health, used these services in a higher proportion. In addition, a higher DMFT index also led to higher use of services.

RESUMO Objetivo: To describe the initial baseline results of a population-based study, as well as a protocol in order to evaluate the performance of different machine learning algorithms with the objective of predicting the demand for urgent and emergency services in a representative sample of adults from the urban area of Pelotas, Southern Brazil. Methods: The study is entitled “Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in PELOTAS (RS) (EAI PELOTAS)” (https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/eaipelotas/). Between September and December 2021, a baseline was carried out with participants. A follow-up was planned to be conducted after 12 months in order to assess the use of urgent and emergency services in the last year. Afterwards, machine learning algorithms will be tested to predict the use of urgent and emergency services over one year. Results: In total, 5,722 participants answered the survey, mostly females (66.8%), with an average age of 50.3 years. The mean number of household people was 2.6. Most of the sample has white skin color and incomplete elementary school or less. Around 30% of the sample has obesity, 14% diabetes, and 39% hypertension. Conclusion: The present paper presented a protocol describing the steps that were and will be taken to produce a model capable of predicting the demand for urgent and emergency services in one year among residents of Pelotas, in Rio Grande do Sul state.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever os resultados iniciais da linha de base de um estudo de base populacional, bem como um protocolo para avaliar o desempenho de diferentes algoritmos de aprendizado de máquina, com o objetivo de predizer a demanda de serviços de urgência e emergência em uma amostra representativa de adultos da zona urbana de Pelotas, no Sul do Brasil. Métodos: O estudo intitula-se “Emergency department use and Artificial Intelligence in PELOTAS (RS) (EAI PELOTAS)” (https://wp.ufpel.edu.br/eaipelotas/). Entre setembro e dezembro de 2021, foi realizada uma linha de base com os participantes. Está previsto um acompanhamento após 12 meses para avaliar a utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência no último ano. Em seguida, serão testados algoritmos de machine learning para predizer a utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência no período de um ano. Resultados: No total, 5.722 participantes responderam à pesquisa, a maioria do sexo feminino (66,8%), com idade média de 50,3 anos. O número médio de pessoas no domicílio foi de 2,6. A maioria da amostra tem cor da pele branca e ensino fundamental incompleto ou menos. Cerca de 30% da amostra estava com obesidade, 14% com diabetes e 39% eram hipertensos. Conclusão: O presente trabalho apresentou um protocolo descrevendo as etapas que foram e serão tomadas para a produção de um modelo capaz de prever a demanda por serviços de urgência e emergência em um ano entre moradores de Pelotas, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul.

Abstract This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the association between self-perceived oral health, oral-health-related quality-of-life (OHRQoL), toothache, and university students’ academic performance or dropout. A cohort of 2,089 students from 64 different courses at a public university in southern Brazil was interviewed in 2016 regarding their self-perceived oral health (Locker instrument; dichotomized into good/poor), OHRQoL (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances instrument, OIDP) and having had any toothache over the last 6 months (yes/no). After three years (2020), the academic records of 1,870 of these students were assessed, their average grade over all courses evaluated, and their dropout status was determined. Multivariable linear or logistic regression adjusting for gender, skin color, age, family income and maternal education was used to associate oral health variables (self-perceived oral health, OIDP, toothache) and academic performance or dropout. In 2016, 28.6% reported negative self-perceived oral health through the Locker instrument and 31.4% had toothache in the last 6 months. Over the next three years, 36.2% had dropped out. In multivariable regression, toothache in the last 6 months had a decrease of 0.32 (β -0.32, CI95% -0.59; -0.04) points in the final grade and were 35% (OR 1.35 CI95% 1.08; 1.69) more likely to dropout than students without toothache. In conclusion, this study showed that worse oral health conditions may be associated with worse academic performance or dropping out.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Measure the prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year and associated factors among 31-year-old adults from a birth cohort of 1982. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study that analyzed a birth cohort of 1982 from the city of Pelotas. In 1997, a systematic sample of 27% of the city’s census sectors was defined and all households in these sectors were visited, where 1,076 15-year-old adolescents were interviewed. For the oral health studies, 900 of these individuals were randomly selected and followed up at 24 and 31 years of age. The study used data collected from 523 individuals in 2013 (at 31 years old). The outcome was visit to the dentist (use of dental services) in the previous year. Demographic factors (sex), socioeconomic factors (income, education), and oral health factors (reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, dental pain and caries experience - DMFT) were used as independent variables. Prevalence ratios were estimated using Poisson regression. RESULTS The prevalence of use of dental services in the previous year was 55.3% (95%CI: 51.0–59.5%). In the adjusted analysis, the reason and type of service, self-perception of oral health, and DMFT were associated with the outcome. A stronger association was found with use of dental services in individuals who visited for prevention and used the private service, who were satisfied with their oral health, and who had more caries experiences. CONCLUSION 55.3% of the cohort sample used dental services in the previous year. Individuals who visited the dentist of private service for preventive reasons, who were very satisfied with their oral health, used these services in a higher proportion. In addition, a higher DMFT index also led to higher use of services.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Mensurar a prevalência de uso de serviços odontológicos no último ano e os fatores associados em adultos de 31 anos pertencentes à coorte de nascimentos de 1982. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, aninhado na coorte de nascimentos de Pelotas de 1982. Em 1997, uma amostra sistemática de 27% dos setores censitários da cidade foi realizada e todos os domicílios desses setores foram visitados, onde 1.076 adolescentes de 15 anos foram entrevistados. Para os estudos de saúde bucal foram sorteados aleatoriamente 900 desses indivíduos, que foram acompanhados também aos 24 e 31 anos. O estudo utilizou dados coletados de 523 indivíduos em 2013 (aos 31 anos). O desfecho foi a ida ao dentista (uso do serviço) no último ano. Fatores demográficos, (sexo), socioeconômicos (renda, escolaridade) e de saúde bucal (motivo e tipo de serviço da consulta, autopercepção de saúde bucal, dor e experiência de cárie - CPOD) foram utilizados como variáveis independentes. As razões de prevalência foram estimadas usando a regressão de Poisson. RESULTADOS A prevalência de uso de serviços odontológicos no último ano foi de 55,3% (IC95%: 51,0 –59,5%). Na análise ajustada, o motivo e tipo de serviço da consulta, a autopercepção de saúde bucal e o CPOD foram associados ao desfecho. Foi encontrada maior associação com a utilização de serviços odontológicos em indivíduos que visitaram por prevenção e usaram o serviço privado, satisfeitos com a sua saúde bucal e que tinham maior experiência de cárie. CONCLUSÃO 55,3% da amostra da coorte utilizaram os seviços odontológicos no último ano. Os indivíduos que visitaram o dentista por motivo preventivo, em consulta privada, que estavam muito satisfeitos ou satisfeitos com sua saúde bucal utilizaram em maior proporção esses serviços. Além disso, o maior índice de CPOD também levou ao maior uso.

Abstract Although periodontal disease is common during pregnancy, little is known about socioeconomic, behavioral, or biological determinants related to clinically assessed periodontal condition during this period. We assessed the prevalence of periodontal disease and associated factors in pregnant women. This population-based survey used data used from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort Study, Brazil. Pregnant women expected to give birth between December 2014 and May 2016 were interviewed and clinically examined by trained dentist, with periodontal measures collected in all teeth, six sites per tooth. Outcomes were periodontitis (using the 2012 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American Academy of Periodontology criteria) and gingivitis (by the 2018 European Federation of Periodontology/ American Academy of Periodontology classification). Multivariate hierarchical Poisson regression was used to assess the associations between socioeconomic, systemic, and clinical oral factors and periodontal disease. A total of 2,474 pregnant women participated in the study. Prevalence of periodontitis and gingivitis was 14.63% and 21.67%, respectively. Lower educational level and calculus were associated with higher prevalence periodontitis and gingivitis (P<0.05). Smoking was also associated with periodontitis (P=0.05), and lower frequency of toothbrushing (P=0.005) with gingivitis. Periodontal disease, especially gingivitis, was prevalent in pregnant women and their determinants were socioeconomic, environmental, and clinical oral health factors.

O estudo teve como objetivo estimar as desigualdades sociais e raciais na autoavaliação da saúde bucal em adultos de um estudo de coorte de nascimentos no Brasil. O estudo atual faz parte do estudo de coorte de nascimentos de 1982 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados sobre as condições de saúde bucal aos 31 anos (Estudo de Saúde Bucal). A variável de desfecho era a autoavaliação da saúde bucal, dicotomizada em positiva (boa/muito boa) vs. negativa (regular/ruim/muito ruim). As análises foram estratificadas por sexo, grupo étnico-racial, escolaridade e renda. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados o índice de desigualdade absoluta (SII) e o índice de concentração (CIX). A prevalência de autoavaliação da saúde bucal negativa foi 36,1%. Foram observadas desigualdades na autoavaliação da saúde bucal, em termos tanto absolutos quanto relativos. Foram observados SII de -30,0 (IC95%: -43,6; -16,4) para renda e -27,7 (IC95%: -41,9; -13,4) para escolaridade. Renda individual e escolaridade tiveram CIX negativos (CIXrenda -14,6 [IC95%: -21,2; -8,0] e CIXescolaridade -14,1 [IC95%: -20,7; -7,5]). Além disso, a prevalência de autoavaliação da saúde bucal negativa em indivíduos pretos, pardos e indígenas nas faixas de renda e escolaridade mais altas era comparável à prevalência desse desfecho entre indivíduos brancos pertencentes ao menor nível de renda e escolaridade. Os resultados desse estudo revelam disparidades raciais na saúde bucal, independente de renda e escolaridade. Além disso, foi identificada maior concentração de autoavaliação da saúde bucal negativa entre indivíduos com maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Os achados reforçam a presença de desigualdades raciais e socioeconômica na saúde bucal no Brasil.

This study aimed to estimate social and racial inequalities in self-rated oral health in adults from the Brazilian birth cohort study. This study belongs to 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. Data from this study was collected for oral health conditions 31 years old (Oral Health Study). The outcome was self-rated oral health, dichotomized into positive (good/very good) and negative (regular/bad/very bad). Analyses were stratified by gender, racial/skin color groups, schooling level and income. For statistical analysis, the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (CIX) were used. The prevalence of negative self-rated oral health was 36.1%. Social inequalities were observed in self-rated oral health in both absolute and relative terms. A SII of -30.0 (95%CI: -43.6; -16.4) was observed for income, and -27.7 (95%CI: -41.9; -13.4) for schooling level. Both the individuals’ income and the schooling level had negative CIX (CIXincome -14.6 [95%CI: -21.2; -8.0] and CIXschooling level -14.1 [95%CI: -20.7; -7.5]). Furthermore, the prevalence of negative self-rated oral health in black/brown/indigenous individuals from the highest income/schooling level was comparable to prevalence of the outcome in the white individuals belonging to the lowest income/schooling levels. This study results demonstrate racial disparities in oral health regardless of income and schooling levels. Furthermore, a higher concentration of negative self-rated oral health was identified among the most socioeconomically vulnerable individuals. Our findings reinforce the presence of racial and socioeconomic inequalities in oral health.

El objetivo fue estimar las inequidades sociales y raciales en la salud oral autoinformada de adultos, mediante el estudio de una cohorte de nacimientos en Brasil. Este trabajo pertenece al estudio de la cohorte de nacimientos de 1982 en Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). Los datos que se recogieron en este estudio estaban relacionados con las condiciones de salud oral durante 31 años (Estudio de Salud Oral). El resultado fue la salud oral autoinformada, dicotomizada en positiva (buena/muy buena) y negativa (regular/mala/muy mala). Los análisis se estratificaron por sexo, grupos raciales/étnicos, nivel educacional e ingresos. Para el análisis estadístico se usaron el índice de inequidad absoluto (SII) y el índice de concentración (CIX). La prevalencia de salud oral autoinformada negativa fue 36,1%. Se observaron inequidades sociales en salud oral autoinformada tanto en términos absolutos como relativos. Se observó un SII de -30,0 (IC95%: -43,6; -16,4) en ingresos, y de -27,7 (IC95%: -41,9; -13,4) en la escolaridad alcanzada. Tanto los ingresos individuales, como la escolaridad alcanzada, tuvieron un CIX negativo (ingreso CIX -14,6 [IC95%: -21,2; -8,0] y un nivel CIXeducacional -14,1 [IC95%: -20,7; -7,5]). Asimismo, la prevalencia de una salud oral autoinformada negativa en individuos negros/mestizos/indígenas del nivel más alto de ingresos/educación fue comparable a la prevalencia del resultado en los individuos blancos que pertenecen a los niveles más bajos de ingresos/educacionales. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran disparidades raciales en la salud oral, independientemente de los ingresos y educación. Además, se identificó una concentración más alta de salud oral autoinformada negativa entre los individuos más vulnerables socioeconómicamente. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la presencia de inequidades raciales y socioeconómicas en la salud oral.

O estudo teve como objetivo estimar as desigualdades sociais e raciais na autoavaliação da saúde bucal em adultos de um estudo de coorte de nascimentos no Brasil. O estudo atual faz parte do estudo de coorte de nascimentos de 1982 de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados sobre as condições de saúde bucal aos 31 anos (Estudo de Saúde Bucal). A variável de desfecho era a autoavaliação da saúde bucal, dicotomizada em positiva (boa/muito boa) vs. negativa (regular/ruim/muito ruim). As análises foram estratificadas por sexo, grupo étnico-racial, escolaridade e renda. Para a análise estatística, foram utilizados o índice de desigualdade absoluta (SII) e o índice de concentração (CIX). A prevalência de autoavaliação da saúde bucal negativa foi 36,1%. Foram observadas desigualdades na autoavaliação da saúde bucal, em termos tanto absolutos quanto relativos. Foram observados SII de -30,0 (IC95%: -43,6; -16,4) para renda e -27,7 (IC95%: -41,9; -13,4) para escolaridade. Renda individual e escolaridade tiveram CIX negativos (CIXrenda -14,6 [IC95%: -21,2; -8,0] e CIXescolaridade -14,1 [IC95%: -20,7; -7,5]). Além disso, a prevalência de autoavaliação da saúde bucal negativa em indivíduos pretos, pardos e indígenas nas faixas de renda e escolaridade mais altas era comparável à prevalência desse desfecho entre indivíduos brancos pertencentes ao menor nível de renda e escolaridade. Os resultados desse estudo revelam disparidades raciais na saúde bucal, independente de renda e escolaridade. Além disso, foi identificada maior concentração de autoavaliação da saúde bucal negativa entre indivíduos com maior vulnerabilidade socioeconômica. Os achados reforçam a presença de desigualdades raciais e socioeconômica na saúde bucal no Brasil.

This study aimed to estimate social and racial inequalities in self-rated oral health in adults from the Brazilian birth cohort study. This study belongs to 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) birth cohort study. Data from this study was collected for oral health conditions 31 years old (Oral Health Study). The outcome was self-rated oral health, dichotomized into positive (good/very good) and negative (regular/bad/very bad). Analyses were stratified by gender, racial/skin color groups, schooling level and income. For statistical analysis, the slope index of inequality (SII) and the concentration index (CIX) were used. The prevalence of negative self-rated oral health was 36.1%. Social inequalities were observed in self-rated oral health in both absolute and relative terms. A SII of -30.0 (95%CI: -43.6; -16.4) was observed for income, and -27.7 (95%CI: -41.9; -13.4) for schooling level. Both the individuals’ income and the schooling level had negative CIX (CIXincome -14.6 [95%CI: -21.2; -8.0] and CIXschooling level -14.1 [95%CI: -20.7; -7.5]). Furthermore, the prevalence of negative self-rated oral health in black/brown/indigenous individuals from the highest income/schooling level was comparable to prevalence of the outcome in the white individuals belonging to the lowest income/schooling levels. This study results demonstrate racial disparities in oral health regardless of income and schooling levels. Furthermore, a higher concentration of negative self-rated oral health was identified among the most socioeconomically vulnerable individuals. Our findings reinforce the presence of racial and socioeconomic inequalities in oral health.

El objetivo fue estimar las inequidades sociales y raciales en la salud oral autoinformada de adultos, mediante el estudio de una cohorte de nacimientos en Brasil. Este trabajo pertenece al estudio de la cohorte de nacimientos de 1982 en Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). Los datos que se recogieron en este estudio estaban relacionados con las condiciones de salud oral durante 31 años (Estudio de Salud Oral). El resultado fue la salud oral autoinformada, dicotomizada en positiva (buena/muy buena) y negativa (regular/mala/muy mala). Los análisis se estratificaron por sexo, grupos raciales/étnicos, nivel educacional e ingresos. Para el análisis estadístico se usaron el índice de inequidad absoluto (SII) y el índice de concentración (CIX). La prevalencia de salud oral autoinformada negativa fue 36,1%. Se observaron inequidades sociales en salud oral autoinformada tanto en términos absolutos como relativos. Se observó un SII de -30,0 (IC95%: -43,6; -16,4) en ingresos, y de -27,7 (IC95%: -41,9; -13,4) en la escolaridad alcanzada. Tanto los ingresos individuales, como la escolaridad alcanzada, tuvieron un CIX negativo (ingreso CIX -14,6 [IC95%: -21,2; -8,0] y un nivel CIXeducacional -14,1 [IC95%: -20,7; -7,5]). Asimismo, la prevalencia de una salud oral autoinformada negativa en individuos negros/mestizos/indígenas del nivel más alto de ingresos/educación fue comparable a la prevalencia del resultado en los individuos blancos que pertenecen a los niveles más bajos de ingresos/educacionales. Los resultados de este estudio demuestran disparidades raciales en la salud oral, independientemente de los ingresos y educación. Además, se identificó una concentración más alta de salud oral autoinformada negativa entre los individuos más vulnerables socioeconómicamente. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la presencia de inequidades raciales y socioeconómicas en la salud oral.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between maternal factors and dental visits of children within their first year of life. This study used data from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort and included pregnant women and their children at 12 months of age, followed-up between May 2014 and December 2015. Socioeconomic and demographic data, information on the use of dental services during the last year, and information on dental fear were collected by interviewing the mothers. Information regarding dental caries and periodontal disease were collected during the mother’s clinical examination. The date of each child’s first visit to the dentist was recorded. Crude and adjusted Poisson regression models with robust variance were used. The sample comprised 2,287 mother-child dyads, of which 10.1% of children visited the dentist during the first year of life. Children whose mothers visited the dentist within the last year for preventive reasons (RR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.12–2.03) or curative reasons (RR: 1.47; 95%CI: 1.08–2.01) were more likely to have visited the dentist during the first year of life compared to those whose mothers had not used dental services during this period. Maternal tooth loss was inversely associated with a child’s visit to the dentist during the first year of life (RR: 0.69; 95%CI: 0.54–0.89). Considering the mother’s history of using dental services, as well as their dental caries history, is necessary to understand and improve patterns of dental health care utilization and implement public oral health policies for young children.

Aim To verify the validity of maternal reports on the number of deciduous teeth erupted in their children. Methods This cross-sectional study was performed with children enrolled in a Birth Cohort at the age of 12 months in the first stage and 24 months in the second stage. At both stages, children were clinically examined, and mothers reported the number of teeth of their children. Comparison between groups was performed using the Mann-Whitney non-paired Wilcoxon test. Level of agreement between two methods were estimated by the Observed Agreement, Weighted Kappa and Intraclass Correlation coefficients. Results A total of 125 children were examined in the first stage, with mean number of reported teeth of 6.2. In the second stage, 149 children were examined, with mean number of reported teeth of 15.9. High level of agreement, kappa values and intraclass correlation coefficients were observed for both arches in both periods (p<0.001). Conclusions Maternal report on the number of teeth erupted in children was reliable and valid. Thus, it seems to be a useful instrument for collecting data in population-based epidemiological studies targeting young children.

Abstract This was a retrospective cohort study to investigate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the gender gap in articles submitted to three international dental journals based in Brazil. All submissions performed to Brazilian Dental Journal, Brazilian Oral Research, and Journal of Applied Oral Science before (2019) and during the pandemic (2020) were assessed. Gender of the first, last, and corresponding authors were collected. Other variables collected were journal, continent studied by authors and stage of their careers (classified according to authors’ highest degree), and final decision reached in the article. Absolute and relative frequencies with 95% confidence intervals, Pearson’s Chi-square tests, and Fisher’s Exact test were used (α = 0.05). In total, 4,726 unique submissions were analyzed. A higher proportion of early-career authors was observed during the pandemic (44.8% to 49.3%, p = 0.021). Most articles were rejected but without association with gender. Increased proportion of male first authors from before to during the pandemic was observed (39% to 42.1%, p = 0.034). Drop in the proportion of articles with women as first authors was observed for researchers in their early- (65.9% to 58.8%, p = 0.02) and mid-career stages (63% to 55.8%, p = 0.014). Reduction in women as first authors was observed during the pandemic in South and Central Americas (66.7% to 61.5%, p = 0.010), and when the last author was a female, or the corresponding author was a male. In conclusion, a disproportionate impact on female dental researchers in submitting articles in the period from before to during the pandemic was observed when considering first authorship, suggesting that the COVID-19 may have increased the gender inequality in dental science.

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a associação entre dor dentária, uso de serviços odontológicos e absenteísmo escolar em adolescentes brasileiros. Métodos Estudo transversal, sobre dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE 2015). A variável dependente do estudo foi o absenteísmo escolar por motivo de saúde nos últimos 12 meses. Características socioeconômicas, dor dentária e utilização de serviços odontológicos foram as variáveis independentes avaliadas. Empregou-se regressão logística, para estimar odds ratio (OR) e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados Foram incluídos 102.072 escolares. A prevalência de absenteísmo por motivo de saúde foi de 53,7% (IC95% 53,2;54,3). Pela análise ajustada, houve associação entre dor dentária e absenteísmo (OR=1,35 - IC95% 1,26;1,45), e aumento na ocorrência de absenteísmo conforme o maior número de consultas odontológicas. Conclusão Os resultados sugerem que a dor dentária e a frequência de consultas odontológicas podem estar relacionadas ao absenteísmo escolar.

Abstract Objective To analyze association between dental pain, use of dental services and school absenteeism in Brazilian adolescents. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE 2015). The study’s dependent variable was school absenteeism due to health reasons in the last 12 months. Socioeconomic characteristics, dental pain and use of dental services were the independent variables evaluated. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results Data on 102,072 schoolchildren were included. Absenteeism prevalence due to health reasons was 53.7% (95%CI 53.2;54.3). In the adjusted analysis, there was association between dental pain and school absenteeism (OR=1.35 - 95%CI 1.26;1.45), and an increase in absenteeism occurrence the greater the number of dental visits. Conclusion The results suggest that dental pain and frequency of dental visits may be related to school absenteeism.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la asociación entre dolor dental, el uso de servicios dentales y el absentismo escolar en adolescentes brasileños. Métodos Estudio transversal con datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Escolar (PeNSE 2015). La variable dependiente del estudio fue el absentismo escolar por razones de salud en los últimos 12 meses. Características socioeconómicas, dolor dental y frecuencia del uso de los servicios dentales fueron las variables independientes evaluadas. La regresión logística se usó para estimar los odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados Se incluyeron datos de 102.072 estudiantes. La prevalencia de absentismo por razones de salud fue del 53,7% (IC95% 53,2; 54,3). En el análisis ajustado, hubo una asociación entre el dolor dental y el absentismo escolar (OR=1,35; - IC95% 1,26; 1,45), y un aumento del absentismo según el mayor número de consultas dentales. Conclusión Los resultados sugieren que el dolor dental y la frecuencia de las visitas al dentista pueden estar relacionados con el absentismo escolar.

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a mortalidade por todas as causas em aproximadamente três anos de acompanhamento e os fatores sociodemográficos, comportamentais e de saúde em idosos comunitários de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos: Foi um estudo observacional longitudinal que incluiu 1.451 idosos (≥ 60 anos) entrevistados em 2014. As informações sobre mortalidade foram coletadas nos domicílios em 2016–2017, confirmadas com o setor de Vigilância Epidemiológica do município e por documentos de familiares. As associações entre mortalidade e as variáveis independentes, por regressão de Cox simples e múltipla, foram apresentadas pelos riscos relativos com os respectivos intervalos de confiança (95%). Resultados: Quase 10% (n = 145) dos participantes morreram durante uma média de 2,5 anos de acompanhamento, sendo a maior frequência de óbitos em homens (12,9%), indivíduos com ≥ 80 anos (25,2%) e viúvos (15,0%). Estiveram associadas ao maior risco de mortalidade: sexo masculino (RR = 2,8; IC95% 1,9 – 4,2), ≥ 80 anos (RR = 3,9; IC95% 2,4 – 6,2), viuvez (RR = 2,2; IC95% 1,4 – 3,7), inatividade física (RR = 2,3; IC95% 1,1 – 4,6), tabagismo atual (RR = 2,1; IC95% 1,2 – 3,8), hospitalização no último ano (RR = 2,0; IC95% 1,2 – 3,2), sintomas depressivos (RR = 2,1; IC95% 1,2 – 3,6) e dependência para duas ou mais atividades diárias (RR = 3,1; IC95% 1,7 – 5,7). Conclusão: A identificação dos fatores que aumentaram o risco de óbito precocemente possibilita melhorar políticas públicas que visem controlar os fatores de risco modificáveis para um envelhecimento com melhor qualidade de vida.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate all-cause mortality in approximately three years of follow-up and related sociodemographic, behavioral and health factors in community-dwelling older adults in Pelotas, RS. Methods: This was a longitudinal observational study that included 1,451 older adults (≥ 60 years) who were interviewed in 2014. Information on mortality was collected from their households in 2016–2017 and confirmed with the Epidemiological Surveillance department of the city and by documents from family members. Associations between mortality and independent variables were assessed by crude and multiple Cox regression, with hazard ratio with respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Almost 10% (n = 145) of the participants died during an average of 2.5 years of follow-up, with a higher frequency of deaths among males (12.9%), ?80 years (25.2%), widowhood (15.0%), no education (13.8%) and who did not work (10.5%). Factors associated with higher mortality were: being a male (HR = 2.8; 95%CI 1.9 – 4.2), age ?80 years (HR = 3.9; 95%CI 2.4 – 6.2), widowhood (HR = 2.2; 95%CI 1.4 – 3.7), physical inactivity (HR = 2.3; 95%CI 1.1 – 4..6), current smoking (HR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.2 – 3.6), hospitalizations in the previous year (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 – 3.2), depressive symptoms (HR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2 – 3,4) and dependence for two or more daily life activities (HR = 3.1; 95%CI 1,7 – 5.7). Conclusion: The identification of factors that increased the risk of early death makes it possible to improve public policies aimed at controlling the modifiable risk factors that can lead to aging with a better quality of life.